What Causes Male Infertility?

Male infertility is common in couples who struggle to conceive. Causes range from varicocele and hormonal imbalance to infections, prior surgeries, medications, heat exposure, smoking, and idiopathic low sperm parameters.

A semen analysis is usually the starting point, followed by targeted history and examination. Prof. Dr. Asif Baloch provides male fertility-focused assessment as a male infertility specialist in Lahore.

Production, transport, and hormones

Problems can occur in sperm production (oligospermia, azoospermia), sperm movement or shape, blockage of the reproductive tract, or hormonal signals that regulate the testes. Some men have more than one contributing factor.

Lifestyle exposures in large cities — smoking, obesity, prolonged heat, and certain medications — can further reduce sperm quality. Identifying reversible contributors is a key goal of evaluation.

When to seek specialist care

If conception has not occurred after about a year of regular unprotected intercourse — earlier with age or known risk factors — both partners should be assessed. Abnormal semen analysis, prior chemotherapy, undescended testis history, or varicocele symptoms are reasons to see a male infertility specialist without delay.